OUR VOICES
Essays in Culture, Ethnicity, and Communication
Fourth Edition
Alberto González  (editor) Bowling Green State University
Marsha Houston  (editor) University of Alabama
Victoria Chen  (editor) San Francisco State University
ISBN: 1-931719-21-7
softbound, 339 pages, ©2004
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Our Voices: Essays in Culture, Ethnicity, and Communication, 4th ed.
The Fourth Edition of OUR VOICES features seven new selections. Many of the previous essays have been significantly updated, and two new sections, "Economic Class and Cultural Identity" and "Reflecting on 9/11," have been added.

New selections in the Fourth Edition address such topics of current interest and concern as:
  • Creating a family across race and gender borders.
  • The struggle for identity of multiethnic and biracial individuals in America.
  • Constructing American Jewish male identity.
  • Understanding class in the context of race, ethnicity, and gender.
  • Racial tensions in a 9/11 memorial.
  • 9/11 and ‘the color line.
OUR VOICES examines communication in a variety of cultural and personal settings, with each contributor writing from the perspective of his or her cultural experience within diverse theoretical frameworks. Each essay addresses the question, "What is a cultural explanation and interpretation for this communication phenomenon from the ethnic scholar’s perspective?"

The new edition continues to:
  • Maintain a consistent focus on communication and culture. Each essay addresses important issues in areas of communication--rhetoric, mass communication, interpersonal communication, etc. Together, the authors examine how culture influences the creation of meaning and how various uses of symbols and language constitute what we call cultural reality.
  • Introduce experience into examinations of cultural communication. The experience-driven approach is presented as a complement to theory-driven approaches to intercultural communication research.
  • Explore the rich cultural variety of communication practices within broad cultural labels. The premise is that there is not "one" style of any particular group any more than there is "one" style of Anglo American communication.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword: Orlando L. Taylor

Introduction: Alberto González, Marsha Houston, and Victoria Chen

PART I: NAMING OURSELVES

  1. (De)hyphenated Identity: The Double Voice in The Woman Warrior
Victoria Chen
     The double voice in Kingston's The Woman Warrior is explored in the context of Chinese American women’s hyphenated identity.

  2. Dis/orienting Identities: Asian Americans, History, and Intercultural Communication
Thomas Nakayama
     Nakayama argues for the centrality of the Japanese American experience in the making of American culture and history.

  3. How I Came to Know
Sidney A. Ribeau
     Ribeau examines the importance of the articulation of the African American experience.

  4. Names, Narratives, and the Evolution of Ethnic Identity
Dolores V. Tanno
     Tanno describes how each ethnic self-reference communicates a story and how multiple stories provide significance to an American identity.

PART II: NEGOTIATING SEXUALITY AND GENDER
  
  5. Jewish and/or Woman: Identity and Communicative Style
Sheryl Perlmutter Bowen
     Bowen explores the particular intersection of her Jewish upbringing and the feminism she adopted as an adult.

 *6. Constructing American Jewish Male Identity
David E. Weber
     Weber describes the tensions and challenges that occur when Jewish identity is marked as unusual.

  7. Remembering Selena
Alberto González and Jennifer Willis
     The "borderland" metaphor is used to explore the discourses surrounding the late tejana singer.
  
  8. When Miss America Was Always White
Navita Cummings James
     James reflects on the meaning of blackness and black womanhood through family stories and personal experiences.
  
  9. Illusive Reflections: African American Women on Primetime Television
Bishetta Merritt
     Images of African American women on primetime television are critically examined.
 
 10. Black Queer Identity, Imaginative Rationality, and the Language of Home
Charles I. Nero
     The meaning of home and community for African American gay men is explored through poetry and song lyrics, as well as feminist and gay/lesbian theory.

PART III: REPRESENTING CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE IN INTERPERSONAL AND MASS MEDIA CONTEXTS
 
 11. Negotiating Cyberspace/Negotiating RL
Radhika Gajjala
     Gajjala discusses virtual life as created through information communication technologies and the (im)possibilities for empowerment and cross-cultural dialogue.
 
 12. The Rhetoric of La Familia Among Mexican Americans
Margarita Gangotena
     Gangotena uses the concept of la familia to explore Mexican American family communication.
 
 13. When Mississippi Chinese Talk
Gwendolyn Gong
     Gong describes speech strategies used by Chinese from the Mississippi Delta.

14. The Reason Why We Sing: Understanding Traditional African American Worship
Janice D. Hamlet
     Hamlet explores how the rhetorical style of preachers in traditional black churches preserves the cultural identity of black communities.
 
 15. When Black Women Talk With White Women: Why the Dialogues
Are Difficult
Marsha Houston
     Houston explores ways to build satisfying conversations between black and white women.

 16. Latina/o Experiences With Mass-Mediated Communication
Diana I. Ríos
     Ríos discusses the dual functions of mass media in Mexican American communities in Texas.
 
 17. Native American Culture and Communication Through Humor
Charmaine Shutiva
     Shutiva challenges some of the stereotypes about Native Americans and discusses the role that humor places in their culture.

PART IV: CELEBRATING CULTURES
 
 18. Capturing the Spirit of Kwanzaa
Detine L. Bowers
     Bowers describes Kwanzaa as a ritual that invites a spiritual connection to African heritage.
 
 19. A House as Symbol, a House as Family: Mamaw and Her Oklahoma Cherokee Family
Lynda Dee Dixon
     Dixon reflects on a Cherokee matriarch who insured family unity by providing a home for family reunions and remembrance.
 
 20. Communicating Good Luck During the Chinese New Year
Mary Fong
     Fong discusses good luck expressed through speech and gift-giving practices that display good will and affection.

 21. Hybrid Revivals: Ethnicity and South Asian Celebration
Radha S. Hegde
     Hegde describes how Hindu festivals inspire their participants despite outside efforts to limit "foreign" cultural gatherings.

PART V: VALUING AND CONTESTING LANGUAGES

 22. Identity and Struggle in Jamaican Talk
Dexter B. Gordon
     Gordon describes the creative "survival mechanisms" in Jamaican talk that privilege the local and counter the colonial.

 23. The Power of ‘Wastah' in Lebanese Speech
Mahboub Hashem
     Hashem examines wastah as an effective Lebanese method of mediating conflicts and relationships.
 
 24. Wa-Zha-Zhe I-E: Notions on a Dying Ancestral Language
Steven B. Pratt and Merry C. Buchanan
     Pratt and Buchanan foresee the end of the Osage language, and they describe the immense responsibility that comes with trying to save a culture's way of speaking.
 
 25. Broadening the View of Black Language Use: Towards a Better Understanding of Words and Worlds
Karla D. Scott
     Scott examines misconceptions about black language use and explains how local ways of speaking are markers of identity and solidarity.
 
 26. Confessions of a Thirty-Something Hip-Hop (Old) Head
Eric King Watts
     Watts interprets the tensions that arise when popular culture takes the "N-word" from private in-house dialogues and distributes it in easy-to-open packages of hip-hop.

PART VI: LIVING IN BICULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS
 
 27. Sapphire and Sappho: Allies in Authenticity
Brenda J. Allen
     Allen describes her interracial friendship with a lesbian woman and how the two overcame sanctions against such a relationship.

 28. 'I Know It Was the Blood': Defining the Biracial Self in a
Euro-American Society
Tina M. Harris
     In exploring the bi-racial identities of her students, Harris comes to appreciate her own bi-racial heritage.
 
 29. Being Hapa: A Choice for Cultural Empowerment
Diane M. Kimoto
     Kimoto reflects on her Japanese and Mexican heritage and the role of culture in raising her child.
 
 30. Living In/Between
Richard Morris
     Morris describes a life caught between two discourses, one that valorizes a Mescalero worldview and another that negates it.

*31. Struggling for Identity: Multiethnic and Biracial Individuals in America
Mona Freeman Leonard
     Leonard reveals how social intolerance of racial ambiguity poses dilemmas and interpersonal challenges for multiethnic individuals.

*32. Creating a Family Across Race and Gender Borders
Marlene Fine and Fern Johnson
     As white mothers of two adopted African American boys, Fine and Johnson examine the communication codes operating in the creation of their multiracial and "nontraditional" family.

PART VII: ECONOMIC CLASS AND CULTURAL IDENTITY

*33. Invisible Identities: Notes on Class and Race
David Engen
     Engen invites readers to consider the ways in which America's working class can and should be considered a cultural community.

*34. Working Through Identity: Understanding Class in the Context of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Kathleen Wong(Lau)
     Wong(Lau) interprets the intertwining aspects of race, gender, and class as she recounts her coming of age in both Chinese immigrant and American university settings.

PART VIII: TRAVERSING CULTURAL PATHS

 35. How We Know What We Know About Americans: Chinese Sojourners Account for Their Experiences
Ling Chen
     Chen uses conversational episodes to examine assumptions and misunderstandings between Chinese and Americans in the United States.
 
 36. The Cultural Experience of Space and Body: A Reading of Latin American and Anglo American Comportment in Public
Elizabeth Lozano
     Lozano discusses assumptions about "public space" in Anglo American and Latin American cultures.

 37. Regionalism and Communication: Exploring Chinese Immigrant Perspectives
Casey Man Kong Lum
     Lum discusses regional differences among Chinese communities in New York City and how ethnic identity is maintained.
 
 38. Traversing Disparate Cultural Realities in a Transnational World: A Bicultural/Hybrid Experience
Maria Rogers Pascual
     Drawing from her Mexican and U.S. cultural experiences, Rogers Pascual elaborates notions of hybridity and Fourth World orientation.
 
 39. Women Writing Borders, Borders Writing Women: Immigration, Assimilation, and the Cultural Production of Space
Aimee Carrillo Rowe
     Carrillo Rowe deconstructs immigration politics as she examines her family's migratory history.

PART IX: REFLECTING ON 9/11

*40. Statue or Statement? Racial Tensions in a 9/11 Memorial
Teresa Nance and Anita Foeman
     Nance and Foeman examine how public opposition to a sculpture honoring the New York City firefighters reveals the uneasy state of race relations in the United States.

*41. September 11 and 'The Color Line'
Robin R. Means Coleman
     Since 9/11, Coleman looks for lessons from U.S. racial history to rethink the relationship between democratic political activism and power.